I figured this out myself. After I spent about two days on google. It became clear that the feature I was looking for is "RDM"(This and the following pages on the VMware-Documentation). Though local LUN's are not officially supported for this feature, one can make it work via the service console. This blogentry explains the process quite well. Although be aware that this is not officially supported. As for the performance questions I found this.
As I was testing r/w rates over the network I ran, just out of curiosity, quick test using dd:
Read test:
root@gondolin:/# dd of=/mnt/data/test if=/dev/zero bs=32k count=65392
65392+0 Datensätze ein
65392+0 Datensätze aus
2142765056 Bytes (2.1 GB) kopiert, 11.065 s, 194 MB/s
Write test
root@gondolin:/# dd of=/dev/null if=/mnt/data/test bs=32k
65392+0 Datensätze ein
65392+0 Datensätze aus
2142765056 Bytes (2.1 GB) kopiert, 10.1793 s, 211 MB/s
System info:
uname -a
Linux gondolin 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.51-1 x86_64 GNU/Linux
File system used: ext4 standart configuration.
RaidConfig: RAID1(2x1TB@7.2k) 32MBcache/disk and writeback cache enabled on the controller.
I hope this will help future users with the same question.